SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 Antibody

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ProSci
Product Code: PSI-9083
Product Group: Primary Antibodies
Supplier: ProSci
CodeSizePrice
PSI-9083-0.02mg0.02mg£150.00
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PSI-9083-0.1mg0.1mg£449.00
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Overview

Host Type: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Antibody Clonality: Polyclonal
Regulatory Status: RUO
Target Species: Virus
Applications:
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
  • Immunofluorescence (IF)
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
  • Western Blot (WB)
Storage:
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 antibody can be stored at 4˚C for three months and -20˚C, stable for up to one year. As with all antibodies care should be taken to avoid repeated freeze thaw cycles. Antibodies should not be exposed to prolonged high temperatures.

Images

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<strong>Figure 1 Immunohistochemistry Validation of Spike in the Nasal Swab Sample of Omicron Variant COVID-19 Patient.</strong><br> Immunohistochemical analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde ?fixed patient nasal swab sample using spike S1 antibody (9083) at 0.5 μg/ml. Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at RT; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH6). Samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4˚C. A goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) at 1/250 was used as secondary. Counter stained with Hematoxylin. <strong>Strong spike protein signal was observed in the nasal swab sample of the Omicron variant COVID-19 patient (Courtesy of Dr. Nuovo Gerard J., OSU).</strong>
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<strong>Figure 2 Immunohistochemistry Validation of Spike in Delta Variant COVID-19 Patient Lung Tissue</strong><br> Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded patient lung tissue using anti-Spike S1 antibody (9803) at 0.5 μg/ml. Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at RT; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH6). Samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4˚C. A goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) at 1/250 was used as secondary. Counter stained with Hematoxylin. Strong spike protein signal was observed in the Delta variant COVID-19 patient lung, but not in non- COVID-19 patient lung (Courtesy of Dr. Nuovo Gerard J., OSU). </strong>
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<strong>Figure 3 Immunohistochemistry Validation of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 in Human Lung Tissue from the COVID-19 Patient (Sun et al., 2020)</strong><br> Detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein by anti-SARS-COV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies (9099, 0.02 μg/mL, A,B) or SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 antibodies (9083, 1 μg/mL D,E) in adjacent sections of autopsy lung tissue from COVID-19 deceased patient. Negative control staining on autopsy lung tissue from patient who died from non-COVID-19 pneumonia is shown for Nucleocapsid protein (C) or Spike protein (F). Negative control using normal rabbit immunoglobulin on COVID-19 autopsy tissue is presented (G). DAB chromogen and hematoxylin counterstain are used. Scale bars: 50uM in A, C, D, F, G; 20μM in B and E.
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<strong>Figure 4 Immunohistochemistry Validation of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 in COVID-19 Patient Lung</strong><br> Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded COVID-19 patient lung tissue using anti- SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 antibody (9083, 0.5 μg/mL). Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at RT; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH6). Samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4 ˚C. A goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) at 1/250 was used as secondary. Counter stained with Hematoxylin. Strong signal of SARS-COV-2 spike protein was observed in macrophage of COVID-19 patient lung, but not in non-COVID-19 patient lung.
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<strong>Figure 5 Immunohistochemistry Validation of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 in Human Lung Tissue from the COVID-19 Patient</strong><br> Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded COVID-19 patient lung tissue using anti- SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 antibody (9083, 1 μg/mL). Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at RT; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH6). Samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4˚C. A goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) at 1/250 was used as secondary. Counter stained with Hematoxylin. (Courtesy of Hallgeir Rui, MCW) (Picture shown in 40X magnification)
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<strong>Figure 6 Overexpression Validation in Spike Transfected 293 Cells </strong><br>Loading: 10 μg per lane of 293 cell lysate. Antibodies: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1, 9083 (1 μg/mL), 1h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST. Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution. Lane 1: WT 293 cells and Lane 2: SARS-CoV-2 Spike overexpressed 293 cells
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<strong>Figure 7 Immunofluorescence Validation of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 in 293 Transfected Cells</strong><br>Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed Spike transfected 293 cells labeling SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 with 9083 at 5 ug/mL, followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution (green) and DAPI staining (blue).
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<strong>Figure 8 ELISA Validation with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike Recombinant Protein </strong><br>Antibodies: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 antibody, 9083. A direct ELISA was performed using SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 recombinant protein (97-087) as coating antigen and the anti-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 antibody as the capture antibody. Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:20000 dilution. Detection range is from 8 ng/mL to 1000 ng/mL.
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<strong>Figure 9 Western Blot Validation with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike Recombinant Protein</strong><br>Loading: 50 ng per lane of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 recombinant protein (97-087). Antibodies: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike 1, 9083, 1h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST. Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution. Lane 1: 1 μg/mL and Lane 2: 2 μg/mL
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<strong>Figure 1 Immunohistochemistry Validation of Spike in the Nasal Swab Sample of Omicron Variant COVID-19 Patient.</strong><br> Immunohistochemical analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde ?fixed patient nasal swab sample using spike S1 antibody (9083) at 0.5 μg/ml. Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at RT; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH6). Samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4˚C. A goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) at 1/250 was used as secondary. Counter stained with Hematoxylin. <strong>Strong spike protein signal was observed in the nasal swab sample of the Omicron variant COVID-19 patient (Courtesy of Dr. Nuovo Gerard J., OSU).</strong>
<strong>Figure 2 Immunohistochemistry Validation of Spike in Delta Variant COVID-19 Patient Lung Tissue</strong><br> Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded patient lung tissue using anti-Spike S1 antibody (9803) at 0.5 μg/ml. Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at RT; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH6). Samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4˚C. A goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) at 1/250 was used as secondary. Counter stained with Hematoxylin. Strong spike protein signal was observed in the Delta variant COVID-19 patient lung, but not in non- COVID-19 patient lung (Courtesy of Dr. Nuovo Gerard J., OSU). </strong>
<strong>Figure 3 Immunohistochemistry Validation of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 in Human Lung Tissue from the COVID-19 Patient (Sun et al., 2020)</strong><br> Detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein by anti-SARS-COV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies (9099, 0.02 μg/mL, A,B) or SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 antibodies (9083, 1 μg/mL D,E) in adjacent sections of autopsy lung tissue from COVID-19 deceased patient. Negative control staining on autopsy lung tissue from patient who died from non-COVID-19 pneumonia is shown for Nucleocapsid protein (C) or Spike protein (F). Negative control using normal rabbit immunoglobulin on COVID-19 autopsy tissue is presented (G). DAB chromogen and hematoxylin counterstain are used. Scale bars: 50uM in A, C, D, F, G; 20μM in B and E.
<strong>Figure 4 Immunohistochemistry Validation of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 in COVID-19 Patient Lung</strong><br> Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded COVID-19 patient lung tissue using anti- SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 antibody (9083, 0.5 μg/mL). Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at RT; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH6). Samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4 ˚C. A goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) at 1/250 was used as secondary. Counter stained with Hematoxylin. Strong signal of SARS-COV-2 spike protein was observed in macrophage of COVID-19 patient lung, but not in non-COVID-19 patient lung.
<strong>Figure 5 Immunohistochemistry Validation of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 in Human Lung Tissue from the COVID-19 Patient</strong><br> Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded COVID-19 patient lung tissue using anti- SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 antibody (9083, 1 μg/mL). Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at RT; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH6). Samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4˚C. A goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) at 1/250 was used as secondary. Counter stained with Hematoxylin. (Courtesy of Hallgeir Rui, MCW) (Picture shown in 40X magnification)
<strong>Figure 6 Overexpression Validation in Spike Transfected 293 Cells </strong><br>Loading: 10 μg per lane of 293 cell lysate. Antibodies: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1, 9083 (1 μg/mL), 1h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST. Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution. Lane 1: WT 293 cells and Lane 2: SARS-CoV-2 Spike overexpressed 293 cells
<strong>Figure 7 Immunofluorescence Validation of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 in 293 Transfected Cells</strong><br>Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed Spike transfected 293 cells labeling SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 with 9083 at 5 ug/mL, followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution (green) and DAPI staining (blue).
<strong>Figure 8 ELISA Validation with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike Recombinant Protein </strong><br>Antibodies: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 antibody, 9083. A direct ELISA was performed using SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 recombinant protein (97-087) as coating antigen and the anti-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 antibody as the capture antibody. Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:20000 dilution. Detection range is from 8 ng/mL to 1000 ng/mL.
<strong>Figure 9 Western Blot Validation with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike Recombinant Protein</strong><br>Loading: 50 ng per lane of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 recombinant protein (97-087). Antibodies: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike 1, 9083, 1h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST. Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution. Lane 1: 1 μg/mL and Lane 2: 2 μg/mL

Documents

Further Information

Additional Names:
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 Antibody: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Surface Glycoprotein, Spike protein
Application Note:
IHC: 0.5 μg/mL; WB: 1 μg/mL; IF: 5 μg/mL;

Antibody validated: Western Blot in human samples; Immunofluorescence in human samples; Immunohistochemistry in human samples. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 antibody can be used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike protein in ELISA. It will detect 4 ng of free peptide at 1 μg/mL. All other applications and species not yet tested.
Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019?20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a Spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. Coronavirus invades cells through Spike (S) glycoproteins, a class I fusion protein. It is the major viral surface protein that coronavirus uses to bind to the human cell surface receptor. It also mediates the fusion of host and viral cell membrane, allowing the virus to enter human cells and begin infection (3). The spike protein is the major target for neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development (4). The protein modeling suggests that there is strong interaction between Spike protein receptor-binding domain and its host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which regulate both the cross-species and human-to-human transmissions of COVID-19 (5). The recent study has shown that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds ACE2 with higher affinity than SARS-CoV spike protein (6).
Background References:
  • Gorbalenya. bioRxiv: 2020.
  • Hui et al. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;91:264-266.
  • Belouzard et al. Viruses. 2012;4(6):1011-33.
  • Lee et al. J Virol. 2006;80(8):4079-87.
  • Wan et al. J Virol. 2020.
  • Wrapp et al. Science. 2020.
Buffer:
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 antibody is supplied in PBS containing 0.02% sodium azide.
Concentration:
1 mg/mL
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
DISCLAIMER:
Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user. The information provided is a guideline for product use. This product is for research use only.
Homology:
Predicted reactivity based on immunogen sequence: SARS-CoV Spike proteins: (44%)
Immunogen:
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 antibody (9083) was raised against a peptide corresponding to 16 amino acids near the amino?terminus of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 glycoprotein.

The immunogen is located within the first 50 amino acids of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 protein.
ISOFORMS:
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 has one isoform (1273aa).
NCBI Gene ID #:
43740568
NCBI Official Name:
surface glycoprotein
NCBI Official Symbol:
S
NCBI Organism:
SARS-CoV-2
Physical State:
Liquid
Protein Accession #:
QHD43416
Protein GI Number:
1791269090
Purification:
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike S1 antibody is affinity chromatography purified via peptide column.
Research Area:
Infectious Disease,COVID-19
Swissprot #:
P0DTC2
User NOte:
Optimal dilutions for each application to be determined by the researcher.

References

  1. Sun Y, Ge L, Rau MJ, Patton MD, Gallan AJ, Felix JC, Rui H. Sensitive and specific immunohistochemistry protocols for detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded COVID-19 patient tissues. ProtocolExchange, 16 July 2020; DOI:10.21203/rs.3.pex-1011/v1