TNF alpha Antibody

Neutralization (order BSA/sodium azide-free format),Flow cytometry: 0.5-1ug/million cells,Immunofluorescence: 1-2ug/ml,Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): 2-4ug/ml (1)

Optimal dilution of the TNFa antibody should be determined by the researcher.

1. Staining of formalin-fixed tissues requires boiling tissue sections in pH 9 10mM Tris with 1mM EDTA for 10-20 min followed by cooling at RT for 20 min.

This mAb recognizes human 17-26kDa protein, which is identified as cytokine TNF-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha). TNF-alpha can be expressed as a 17kDa free molecule, or as a 26kDa membrane protein. TNF-alpha is a protein secreted by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumor bearing mice. TNF alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. TNF alpha exists as a multimer of two, three, or five non-covalently linked units, but shows a single 17kDa band following SDS PAGE under non-reducing conditions. TNF alpha is closely related to the 25kDa protein Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (lymphotoxin), sharing the same receptors and cellular actions. TNF alpha causes cytolysis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon gamma in its cytotoxicity. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNF alpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production. TNF alpha is currently being evaluated in treatment of certain cancers and AIDS Related Complex.

Purified

0.2 mg/ml in 1X PBS with 0.1 mg/ml BSA (US sourced) and 0.05% sodium azide

Recombinant human protein was used as the immunogen for the TNFa antibody.

This TNFa antibody is available for research use only.

Cytoplasmic and extracellular (secreted)

PEG precipitation

Human

P01375