CircuLex Human sRAGE ELISA Kit
| Code | Size | Price |
|---|
| MBL-CY-8083 | 96 Assays | £602.00 |
Quantity:
Prices exclude any Taxes / VAT
Overview
Host Type: Human
Regulatory Status: RUO
Application: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Shipping:
4°C
Storage:
4°C
Documents
Further Information
Background:
RAGE is a multi-ligand member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface molecules that is expressed in a variety of cell lines, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, mononuclear phagocytes, pericytes, neurons, cardiac myocytes, mesangial cells and hepatocytes (1, 2). RAGE interacts with different structures to transmit a signal into the cell and recognizes three-dimensional structures rather than specific amino acid sequences. Therefore, RAGE seems to fulfill the requirements of a pattern-recognition receptor. As a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, it interacts with a diverse class of ligands, including AGEs (3, 4), HMGB1 (also known as Amphoterin) (5), amyloid β-peptide (6), amyloid A (7), leukocyte adhesion receptors (8), prions (9), Escherichia coli curli operons (10), β-sheet fibrils (11) and several members of the S100 protein superfamily including S100/calgranulins (12). Thus RAGE may have potential involvement in several pathological processes including inflammation, diabetes, Alzheimer?s disease (AD), systemic amyloidosis, and tumor growth (13).
Soluble version of RAGE, termed soluble RAGE (sRAGE), created by proteolytical cleavage by matrix metalloproteases can be detected in sera. In addition to sRAGE, another soluble RAGE, as endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) derives from alternative splicing of the RAGE mRNA (14?16) was discovered. Because of the possible neutralization effect of sRAGE, studies have examined the significance of sRAGE serum concentration in patients with various pathological conditions. Decreased level of sRAGE is a biomarker for deficient and/or altered inflammatory control in humans. It was shown that reduced level of sRAGE is associated with higher risk of coronary disease. In Alzheimer disease there is a decrease in serum sRAGE in comparison with patients with vascular dementia and controls. On the other hand, an increased level of serum sRAGE was found in patients with end-stage renal disease and acute lung injury.
Description:
The CycLex Research Product CircuLex Human sRAGE ELISA kit is used for the quantitative measurement of human soluble RAGE (sRAGE) in serum, plasma and other biological media.
Kit Components:
Microplate, 10X Wash Buffer, Standard/Sample Dilution Buffer, Human sRAGE Standard, HRP conjugated Detection Antibody, Substrate Reagent, Stop Solution
Measurement Range:
Results exceeding human sRAGE level of 6.4 ng/ml should be repeated with diluted samples. Dilution factors need to be taken into consideration in calculating the human sRAGE concentration.
Sensitivity:
better than 1.6 pg/ml of sample.
Target:
sRAGE
References
1. Neeper M, Schmidt AM, Brett J et al.: Cloning and expression of a cell surface receptor for advanced glycosylation end products of proteins. J Biol Chem 1992, 267: 14998-5004.
2. Brett J, Schmidt AM, Yan SD et al.: Survey of the distribution of a newly characterized receptor for advanced glycation end products in tissues. Am J Pathol 1993, 143: 1699-712.
3. Neeper M, Schmidt AM, Brett J, et al.: Cloning and expression of a cell surface receptor for advanced glycosylation end products of proteins. J Biol Chem 1992, 267: 14998-15004.
4. Schmidt AM, Vianna M, Gerlach M, et al.: Isolation and characterization of two binding proteins for advanced glycosylation end products from bovine lung which are present on the endothelial cell surface. J Biol Chem 1992, 267: 14987-14997
5. Hori O, Brett J, Slattery T, Cao R et al.: The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a cellular binding site for amphoterin. Mediation of neurite outgrowth and coexpression of rage and amphoterin in the developing nervous system. J Biol Chem 1995, 270: 25752-25761.
6. Yan SD, Zhu H, Fu J, Yan SF, Roher A et al.: Amyloidbeta peptide-receptor for advanced glycation endproduct interaction elicits neuronal expression of macrophage-colony stimulating factor: a proinflammatory pathway in Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997, 94: 5296-5301.
7. Yan SD, Zhu H, Zhu A, Golabek A, Du H, Roher A, Yu J, Soto C, Schmidt AM, Stern D, et al.: Receptor-dependent cell stress and amyloid accumulation in systemic amyloidosis. Nat Med 2000, 6: 643-651.
8. Chavakis T, Bierhaus A, Al-Fakhri N et al.: The pattern recognition receptor (RAGE) is a counterreceptor for leukocyte integrins: a novel pathway for inflammatory cell recruitment. J Exp Med 2003, 198: 1507-1515.
9. Sasaki N, Takeuchi M, Chowei H, Kikuchi S et al.: Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and their receptor (RAGE) in the brain of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with prion plaques. Neurosci Lett 2002, 326: 117-120.
10. Chapman MR, Robinson LS, Pinkner JS et al.: Role of Escherichia coli curli operons in directing amyloid fiber formation. Science 2002, 295: 851-855
11. Bierhaus A, Humpert PM, Morcos M, et al.: Understanding RAGE, the receptor for advanced glycation end products. J Mol Med 2005, 83: 876- 886.
12. Hofmann MA, Drury S, Fu C, Qu W et al.: RAGE mediates a novel proinflammatory axis: a central cell surface receptor for S100/calgranulin polypeptides. Cell 1999, 97: 889-901.
13. Stern DM, Yan SD, Yan SF, and Schmidt AM: Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and the complications of diabetes. Ageing Res Rev. 2002, 1: 1-15. 14. Schlueter, C., Hauke, S., Flohr, A. M., Rogalla, P., and Bullerdiek, J.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2003, 1630: 1?6
15. Yonekura, H., Yamamoto, Y., Sakurai, S., Petrova, R. G., Abedin, M. J., Li, H., Yasui, K., Takeuchi, M., Makita, Z., Takasawa, S., Okamoto, H., Watanabe, T., and Yamamoto, H.: Biochem. J. 2003, 370: 1097?1109
16. Malherbe, P., Richards, J. G., Gaillard, H., Thompson, A., Diener, C., Schuler, A., and Huber, G. Brain Res.: Mol. Brain Res. 1999, 71: 159?170