Gliotoxin-13C13
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| TAR-T35773-1mg | 1mg | Enquire | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Quantity:
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Overview
Regulatory Status: RUO
Shipping:
cool pack
Storage:
-20°C
Documents
Further Information
Bioactivity:
Gliotoxin-13C13is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of gliotoxin by GC- or LC-MS. Gliotoxin is an immunosuppressive mycotoxin produced by pathogenic strains ofAspergillusand other fungi with diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8It inhibits 20S proteasomal chymotrypsin activity (IC50= 10 uM), blocking the degradation of IκBα and preventing the activation of NF-κB.2,3Gliotoxin induces apoptosis in monocytes and dendritic cells and reduces phagocytosis by neutrophils.4,5It suppresses viral infection by Nipah and Hendra virus in HEK293T cells (IC50s = 149 and 579 nM, respectively).6Under reducing conditions, gliotoxin inhibits leukotriene A4hydrolase epoxide hydrolase activity, but not aminopeptidase activity, and leukotriene B4synthesis in neutrophils and monocytes.7
Purity:
0.98
References
Vigushin, D.M., Mirsaidi, N., Brooke, G., et al.Gliotoxin is a dual inhibitor of farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase I with antitumor activity against breast cancer in vivoMed. Oncol.21(1)21-30(2004)
Anselmi, K., Stolz, D.B., Nalesnik, M., et al.Gliotoxin causes apoptosis and necrosis of rat Kupffer cells in vitro and in vivo in the absence of oxidative stress: Exacerbation by caspase and serine protease inhibitionJ. Hepatol.47(1)103-113(2007)
Pahl, H.L., Krauss, B., Schulze-Osthoff, K., et al.The immunosuppressive fungal metabolite gliotoxin specifically inhibits transcription factor NF-?BJ. Exp. Med.183(4)1829-1840(1996)
Aljofan, M., Sganga, M.L., Lo, M.K., et al.Antiviral activity of gliotoxin, gentian violet and brilliant green against Nipah and Hendra virus in vitroVirol. J.6187(2009)
Kroll, M., Arenzana-Seisdedos, F., Bachelerie, F., et al.The secondary fungal metabolite gliotoxin targets proteolytic activities of the proteasomeChem. Biol.6(10)689-698(1999)
K?nig, Pace, S., Pein, H., et al.Gliotoxin from Aspergillus fumigatus abrogates leukotriene B4 formation through inhibition of leukotriene A4 hydrolaseCell. Chem. Biol.26(4)524-534(2019)
Kwon-Chung, K.J., and Sugui, J.A.What do we know about the role of gliotoxin in the pathobiology of Aspergillus fumigatus?Med. Mycol.47(Suppl 1)S97-S103(2009)
Orciuolo, E., Stanzani, M., Canestraro, M., et al.Effects of Aspergillus fumigatus gliotoxin and methylprednisolone on human neutrophils: Implications for the pathogenesis of invasive aspergillosisJ. Leukoc. Biol.82(4)839-848(2007)